In Genesis 2, God forms "Adam", this time meaning a single male human, out of "the dust of the ground" and "breathed into his nostrils the breath of life" ( Genesis 2:7). God blesses mankind, commands them to "be fruitful and multiply", and gives them "dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth" ( Genesis 1.26–27). Genesis 1 tells of God's creation of the world and its creatures, with humankind as the last of his creatures: "Male and female created He them, and blessed them, and called their name Adam ." ( Genesis 5:2). God himself, who took of the dust from all four corners of the earth with each color (red, black, white, and green), then created Adam therewith, where the soul of Adam is the image of God. This "earthly" aspect is a component of Adam's identity, and Adam's curse of estrangement from the earth seems to describe humankind's divided nature of being earthly yet separated from nature.
Adam and humanity are cursed to die and return to the earth (or ground) from which he was formed. After the loss of innocence, God curses Adam and the earth as punishment for his disobedience.
Connection to the earthĪ recurring literary motif is the bond between Adam and the earth ( adamah): God creates Adam by molding him out of clay in the final stages of the creation narrative. Genesis 2:7 is the first verse where "Adam" takes on the sense of an individual man (the first man), and the context of sex is absent the gender distinction of "adam" is then reiterated in Genesis 5:1–2 by defining "male and female". In Genesis 1:27 "adam" is used in the collective sense, and the interplay between the individual "Adam" and the collective "humankind" is a main literary component to the events that occur in the Garden of Eden, the ambiguous meanings embedded throughout the moral, sexual, and spiritual terms of the narrative reflecting the complexity of the human condition. The Bible uses the word אָדָם ( 'adam ) in all of its senses: collectively ("mankind", Genesis 1:27), individually (a "man", Genesis 2:7), gender nonspecific ("man and woman", Genesis 5:1–2), and male ( Genesis 2:23–24). Usage Mankind-human being-male individual The majority view among scholars is that the book of Genesis dates from the Persian period (the 5th and 4th centuries BCE), but the absence from the rest of the Hebrew Bible of all the other characters and incidents mentioned in chapters 1–11 of Genesis, (Adam appears only in chapters 1–5, with the exception of a mention at the beginning of the Books of Chronicles where, as in Genesis, he heads the list of Israel's ancestors ) has led a sizable minority to the conclusion that Genesis 1–11 was composed much later, possibly in the 3rd century BCE. Biblical Adam (man, mankind) is created from adamah (earth), and Genesis 1–8 makes considerable play of the bond between them, for Adam is estranged from the earth through his disobedience. The word adam is also used in the Bible as a pronoun, individually as "a human" and in a collective sense as "mankind". In both Genesis and Quran, Adam and his wife were expelled from the Garden of Eden for eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil. According to the creation myth of the Abrahamic religions, he was the first man. A Byzantine mosaic in Monreale depicting Adam encountering the pre-incarnate Jesus at the Garden of EdenĬhristianity ( Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Churches, Oriental Orthodox Churches)Īdam ( Hebrew: אָדָם, Modern: ʼAdam, Tiberian: ʾĀḏām Aramaic: ܐܕܡ Arabic: آدَم, romanized: ʾĀdam Greek: Ἀδάμ, romanized: Adám Latin: Adam) is a figure in the Book of Genesis of the Hebrew Bible and Christian Bible, and also in the Quran.
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